Linguistic sounds, considered as external, physical phenomena have two aspects, the motor and the acoustic.

A new era in the physiological investigation of linguistic sounds was opened up by X-ray photography.

When I speak it is in order to be heard.

The function of poetry is to point out that the sign is not identical to the referent.

Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey.

Remember that the pharynx is at a crossroads from which leads off, at the top, the passage to the mouth cavity and the passage to the nasal cavity, and below, the passage to the larynx.

Now the identification of individual sounds by phonetic observation is an artificial way of proceeding.