Confidence is not just in people's heads; it comes from the culture of the organization. It's easier to expect success when working in an organization that has a culture of accountability, collaboration, and initiative. Without this, it's easier - and more self-protective - to assume failure so the person is not disappointed and instead pleasantly surprised.
Rosabeth Moss KanterA self-reinforcing upward spiral: performance stimulating pride stimulating performance.
Rosabeth Moss KanterA basic truth of management - if not of life - is that nearly everything looks like a failure in the middle.
Rosabeth Moss Kanterif networks of women are formed, they should be job related and task related rather than female-concerns related. Personal networks for sociability in the context of a work organization would tend to promote the image of women contained in the temperamental model - that companies must compensate for women's deficiencies and bring them together for support because they could not make it on their own. But job-related task forces serve the social-psychological functions while reinforcing a more positive image of women.
Rosabeth Moss Kanter