All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.

Against those skilled in attack, an enemy does not know where to defend; against the experts in defense, the enemy does not know where to attack.

There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be besieged, territory not to be fought over.

Victory is reserved for those who are willing to pay its price.

Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.

In warfare, there are no constant conditions. He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent will succeed and win.

On dispersive ground, therefore, fight not. On facile ground, halt not. On contentious ground, attack not. On open ground, do not try to block the enemy's way. On the ground of intersecting highways, join hands with your allies. On serious ground, gather in plunder. In difficult ground, keep steadily on the march. On hemmed-in ground, resort to stratagem. On desperate ground, fight.