In science novelty emerges only with difficulty, manifested by resistance, against a background provided by expectation.

Every important idea in science sounds strange at first.

Rather than being an interpreter, the scientist who embraces a new paradigm is like the man wearing inverting lenses.

As in political revolutions, so in paradigm choice--there is no standard higher than the assent of the relevant community. To discover how scientific revolutions are effected, we shall therefore have to examine not only the impact of nature and of logic, but also the techniques of persuasive argumentation effective within the quite special groups that constitute the community of scientists.

History, if viewed as a repository for more than anecdote or chronology, could produce a decisive transformation in the image of science by which we are now possessed.

Far from being magisterial in its objectivity, science was conditioned by history, society, and the prejudices of scientists.

Philosophers of science have repeatedly demonstrated that more than one theoretical construction can always be placed upon a given collection of data.