"Average" isn't so hot at the race track given those steep track takes. "Average" is pretty decent for stocks, something like 6 percent above the inflation rate. For a buy-and -hold investor, commissions and taxes are small.

There were many at Bell Labs and MIT who compared Shannon's insight to Einstein's. Others found that comparison unfair - unfair to Shannon.

A bit is worth 10,000 basis points.

At a bare minimum, understanding entails being able to detect an internal contradiction: a paradox.

Shannon's most radical insight was that meaning was irrelevant.

Samuelson spotted a mistake in Bacheliers work. Bachelier's model had failed to consider that stock prices cannot fall below zero.

Your second ducat, like your second million, is never quite as sweet.