Bernoulli's real contribution was to coin a word. The word has been translated into English as "utility". It describes this subjective value people place on money.

Samuelson spotted a mistake in Bacheliers work. Bachelier's model had failed to consider that stock prices cannot fall below zero.

Your second ducat, like your second million, is never quite as sweet.

Shannon's most radical insight was that meaning was irrelevant.

Carl Friedrich Gauss, often rated the greatest mathematician of all time, played the market. On a salary of 1,000 thalers a year, Euler left an estate of 170,587 thalers in cash and securities. Nothing is known of Gauss's investment methods.

Kelly was aware that there is one type of favorable bet available to everyone; the stock market.

Use "entropy" and you can never lose a debate, von Neumann told Shannon - because no one really knows what "entropy" is.