Instead of trying to specify a system in full detail, specify it only somewhat. You can then ride on the dynamics of the system in the direction you want to go.

A stochastic process is about the results of convolving probabilities-which is just what management is about, as well.

It is the concept of likelihood that a real understanding of probability resides, and we must learn how to measure it.

It is terribly important to appreciate that some things remain obscure to the bitter end.

Policy-making, decision-taking, and control: These are the three functions of management that have intellectual content.

The purpose of a system is what it does. There is after all, no point in claiming that the purpose of a system is to do what it constantly fails to do.

According to the science of cybernetics, which deals with the topic of control in every kind of system (mechanical, electronic, biological, human, economic, and so on), there is a natural law that governs the capacity of a control system to work. It says that the control must be capable of generating as much "variety" as the situation to be controlled.