The aim ... is to provide a clear and rigorous basis for determining when a causal ordering can be said to hold between two variables or groups of variables in a model . . . . The concepts refer to a model-a system of equations-and not to the 'real' world the model purports to describe.
Herbert SimonSolving a problem simply means representing it so as to make the solution transparent.
Herbert SimonAll correct reasoning is a grand system of tautologies, but only God can make direct use of that fact
Herbert Simon