It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.

A Rook is of the value of five Pawns and a fraction, and may be exchanged for a minor Piece and two Pawns. Two Rooks may be exchanged for three minor Pieces.

After white's reply to 1.e4 e5 with 2.f4 the game is in its last throes

The Queen is by much the most powerful of the forces.

If either player abandon the game by quitting the table in anger, or in an otherwise offensive manner; or by momentarily resigning the game; or refuses to abide by the decision of the Umpire, the game must be scored against him.

The Bishop and Knight, in contradistinction to the Queen and Rook, are called Minor Pieces.

After black's reply to 1.e4 with 1..e5, leaves him always trying to get into the game