The true direction of the development of thinking is not from the individual to the social, but from the social to the individual.

Human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them

The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers

Any human act that gives rise to something new is referred to as a creative act, regardless of whether what is created is a physical object or some mental or emotional construct that lives within the person who created it and is known only to him.

A word devoid of thought is a dead thing, and a thought unembodied in words remains a shadow.

What children can do with the assistance of others might be in some sense even more indicative of their mental development than what they can do alone

Language is the tool of the tools