Thought is not merely expressed in words, it comes into existence through them

Human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them

There is reason to believe that voluntary activity, more than highly developed intellect, distinguishes humans from the animals which stand closest to them.

Learning is more than the acquisition of the ability to think; it is the acquisition of many specialized abilities for thinking about a variety of things.

Through others we become ourselves.

The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers

What children can do with the assistance of others might be in some sense even more indicative of their mental development than what they can do alone