What children can do with the assistance of others might be in some sense even more indicative of their mental development than what they can do alone

The true direction of the development of thinking is not from the individual to the social, but from the social to the individual.

The specifically human capacity for language enables children to provide for auxiliary tools in the solution of difficult tasks, to overcome impulsive action, to plan a solution to a problem prior to its execution, and to master their own behavior.

What children can do with the assistance of others might be in some sense even more indicative of their mental development than what they can do alone

Childhood is a complex dialectical process characterized by periodicity, unevenness in the development of different functions, metamorphosis or qualitative transformation of one form into another, intertwining of external and internal factors, and adaptive processes which overcome impediments that the child encounters.

Thought is not merely expressed in words, it comes into existence through them

Human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them