If you are strong, appear weak. But if you are weak, appear strong.

There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune on his army: By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds. By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.

The value of time, that is of being a little ahead of your opponent, often provides greater advantage than superior numbers or greater resources.

Set the troops to their tasks without imparting your designs.

When one treats people with benevolence, justice and righteousness, and reposes confidence in them, the army will be united in mind and all will be happy to serve their leaders.

Agitate him and ascertain the pattern of his movement.

Subjugating the enemy's army without fighting is the true pinnacle of excellence.