Oil replacements and then efficiencies in engines and housing and the way we build houses is a very interesting market.

The world is hung up on food-based biofuels. Not only are they the wrong thing, they're the uneconomic thing.

Future is not extrapolation of past

Setting an aggressive enough carbon-reduction goal will result in an appropriate price for carbon and will help many a renewable technology. Consumer education will help. Most importantly, though, will be the continually declining cost trajectory of the real breakthrough in clean-technology costs driven by research and innovation. In the end, private capital is the real barometer of change.

Is it 10 years, 20, 50 before we reach that tipping point where climate change becomes irreversible? Nobody can know. There's clearly a probability distribution. We need to ensure this planet, and we need to do it quickly.

The willingness to fail gives us the freedom to succeed.

In the next 10 years, data science and software will do more for medicine than all of the biological sciences together.