Chances are that neither the client nor the agency will ever know very much about what role the ad has played in sales or profits of the client, either short-term or long-term.

American advertisers rely on 'essentially illogical' approaches to determine their advertising budgets.

If there are signs that Americans bow to the gods of advertising, there are equally indications that people find the gods ridiculous. It is part of the popular culture that advertisements are silly.

Advertising generally works to reinforce consumer trends rather than to initiate them.

If advertising is not an official or state art, it is nonetheless clearly art.

Advertising is much less powerful than advertisers and critics of advertising claim, and advertising agencies are stabbing in the dark much more than they are practicing precision microsurgery on the public consciousness.

It is very likely that many firms spend more on advertising than, for their own best interests, they should.