Advertising generally works to reinforce consumer trends rather than to initiate them.

American advertisers rely on 'essentially illogical' approaches to determine their advertising budgets.

Advertisements ordinarily work their wonders, to the extent that they work at all, on an inattentive public.

The effectiveness of advertising depends on the amount and kind of product information available to consumers... advertising will be more successful the more impoverished the consumer's information environment.

Objectivity, in this sense, means that a person's statements about the world can be trusted if they are submitted to established rules deemed legitimate by a professional community. Facts here are not aspects of the world, but consensually validated statements about it.

If advertising is not an official or state art, it is nonetheless clearly art.

It should be apparent that the belief in objectivity in journalism, as in other professions, is not just a claim about what kind of knowledge is reliable. It is also a moral philosophy, a declaration of what kind of thinking one should engage in, in making moral decisions. It is, moreover, a political commitment, for it provides a guide to what groups one should acknowledge as relevant audiences for judging one's own thoughts and acts.