The materialistic point of view in psychology can claim, at best, only the value of an heuristic hypothesis.

The materialistic point of view in psychology can claim, at best, only the value of an heuristic hypothesis.

The old metaphysical prejudice that man 'always thinks' has not yet entirely disappeared. I am myself inclined to hold that man really thinks very little and very seldom.

The animal kingdom exhibits a series of mental developments which may be regarded as antecedents to the mental development of man, for the mental life of animals shows itself to be throughout, in its elements and in the general laws governing the combination of the elements, the same as the mental life of man.

Now the word-symbols of conceptual ideas have passed so long from hand to hand in the service of the understanding, that they have gradually lost all such fanciful reference.

Contractile movements arise, sometimes at the instigation of external stimuli but sometimes also in the absence of any apparent external influence.

Experimental psychology itself has, it is true, now and again suffered relapse into a metaphysical treatment of its problems.