The Bishop and Knight, in contradistinction to the Queen and Rook, are called Minor Pieces.

Each player, it will be observed, has eight superior Pieces or officers, and eight minor ones which are called Pawns; and, for the purpose of distinction, the Pieces and Pawns of one party are of a different color from those of the other.

The game of chess is the most fascinating and intellectual pastime which the wisdom of antiquity has bequeathed to us.

After white's reply to 1.e4 e5 with 2.f4 the game is in its last throes

A Rook is of the value of five Pawns and a fraction, and may be exchanged for a minor Piece and two Pawns. Two Rooks may be exchanged for three minor Pieces.

A player is said to have the opposition when he can place his King directly in front of the adverse King, with only one square between them. This is often an important advantage in ending games.

It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.