To manage a system effectively, you might focus on the interactions of the parts rather than their behavior taken separately.
Russell L. AckoffManagers who don't know how to measure what they want settle for wanting what they can measure.
Russell L. AckoffSo much time is currently spent in worrying about the future that the present is allowed to go to hell.
Russell L. AckoffCommon sense โฆ has the very curious property of being more correct retrospectively than prospectively. It seems to me that one of the principal criteria to be applied to successful science is that its results are almost always obvious retrospectively; unfortunately, they seldom are prospectively. Common sense provides a kind of ultimate validation after science has completed its work; it seldom anticipates what science is going to discover.
Russell L. Ackoff