Leaders wonder about everything, want to learn as much as they can, are willing to take risks, experiment, try new things. They do not worry about failure but embrace errors, knowing they will learn from them.

The opposite of hope is despair, and when we despair, it is because we feel there are no choices.

Understand the "Pygmalion Effect": Leaders should always expect the very best of those around them. They know that people can change and grow.

The manager administers; the leader innovates.

The future has no shelf life

A passion for continual learning, a refined, discerning ear for the moral and ethical consequences of their actions, and an understanding of the purposes of work and human organisations

The failure to find the right niche for people - or to let them find their own perfect niches - is a major reason that so many workplaces are mediocre, even toxic, in spite of the presence of talent. Leaders of great groups give them whatever they need and free them from everything else.