Outsiders have the intuitive ability to continually view problems in fresh ways and to identify ineffective practices and traditions.

Leadership is about setting a direction. It's about creating a vision, empowering and inspiring people to want to achieve the vision, and enabling them to do so with energy and speed through an effective strategy. In its most basic sense, leadership is about mobilizing a group of people to jump into a better future.

No vision issue today is bigger than the question of efficiency versus some combination of innovation and customer service.

Managers are trained to make incremental, programmatic improvements. They aren't trained to lead large-scale change.

Leaders establish the vision for the future and set the strategy for getting there; they cause change. They motivate and inspire others to go in the right direction and they, along with everyone else, sacrifice to get there.

Anyone in a large organization who thinks major change is impossible should probably get out.

In an ever changing world, you never learn it all, even if you keep growing into your 90s.