If you invest the time to understand the customer better than they know themselves, if you know the things they want or need even if they can't articulate it, you can begin to develop a good sense as to where there really are unmet needs in the market.

Anything that has low certainty or has a lot of impact should be tested early.

You still want to be thoughtful about what you do, no doubt, but you have to learn through trial-and-error experimentation as well.

I think the most important thing to do is to recognize the fundamentally different circumstances of pursuing growth.

Seeking chaos is at least one way to develop the skills and mindsets to tackle ambiguity.

Some people who were central to former success aren't the right people for your future success.

Bring different groups together internally, send them out to visit other companies, or bring in interesting speeches. Show that you love learning by having people on staff whose job it is to explore without any near-term metrics. Publicly shut a project down and talk about what a great job a team did because they learned so much. And so on.